What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

The correct identification of the two parts of the U.S. Congress as the Senate and the House of Representatives is foundational to understanding the legislative branch of the federal government. This bicameral structure was established by the U.S. Constitution and is intentional in balancing representation.

The Senate consists of two senators from each state, regardless of the state's population, ensuring that smaller states have equal representation in the Senate. The House of Representatives, on the other hand, allocates representatives based on the population of each state, which allows for a proportional representation of the populace.

This dual system was designed to ensure that both smaller and larger states have a voice in the legislative process, promoting an inclusive system that respects the diversity of the states. The separation of powers and the distinct roles of these two chambers contribute significantly to the checks and balances inherent in the U.S. political system.

The other options offered do not accurately reflect the structure of Congress. The House of Lords is a part of the British Parliament, not the U.S. system; the Judiciary is a separate branch of government responsible for interpreting laws; and the President and the Supreme Court represent the executive and judicial branches, respectively, rather than legislative responsibilities. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for grasping the overall framework