Which of the following is not a right protected by the First Amendment?

The First Amendment of the United States Constitution primarily protects five fundamental rights: freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, the right to assemble peacefully, and the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

The right to a fair trial, while a critical component of the American legal system, is actually protected under the Sixth Amendment, which ensures the accused the right to a public trial, impartial jury, and legal counsel, among other provisions. This distinction is important in understanding constitutional protections, as it highlights the specific amendments that address different rights and issues.

Thus, the right to a fair trial does not fall under the protections of the First Amendment, confirming that option C is the correct answer.